The answer is not that simple. I hope that I enlighten with this post and not confuse.
Lets look at the timeline in Revelation, chapter 20:
And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. (vs. 1)
And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, (vs. 2)
And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. (vs. 3)
This would occur after the war of Armageddon when Satan and his cohorts lose that great battle. Satan is thrown into the abyss (prison, pit, or state of inactivity) for a thousand years. After which he is said to be let loose for a little while. His being locked up in a prison-like state signals the beginning of the thousand year reign.
And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years. (vs. 4)
These would be the ones spoken of here (among other references):
For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: (1 Thes. 4:16)
According to vs. 4, they are already with Christ in heaven reigning and judging for a thousand years at the start of the millennial reign.
So what John saw in the miraculous vision, was the beginning of a new and just judicial system.
There is not one throne, but thrones, plural. Occupied by those resurrected to heavenly life and who rule with Christ.
But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. (vs. 5)
Those raised to heaven are said to be part of the first resurrection. The rest of the dead are resurrected over the course of the thousand year reign.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years. (vs. 6)
So those who are part of the first resurrection (to heaven) are raised to immortal life. They cannot die. Their duties are as kings, priests and judges. As shown in this and the above texts.
This indicates that those resurrected over the course of the thousand years, can be killed in the second death and are the subjects. Their judgement will be based on their life
after the resurrection since death is the payment for sin.
And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, (vs. 7)
At this point, the thousand years are ended. The second resurrection (of the rest of the dead) has completed its course, and Satan is loosed out of his prison. He is now able to operate again.
And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. (vs. 8)
Satan is allowed to mislead people again. At this point people are not victims of inherited sin. And he is successful to take to his side a great number of people, compared to the sand of the sea (that will include many of the resurrected ones as well as those born during the thousand years). This is the final test. This scripture also indicates that such individuals divide into factions resembling today's political and national groups.
And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them. (vs. 9)
The rebels are completely destroyed.
And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever. (vs. 10)
Satan is also completely destroyed just like the political and religious elements of the old system of things were destroyed at Armageddon. Only their bad fame, record, and the lessons of what rebellion to God's rule results in will be remembered for all eternity.
Just as the beast and the false prophet are symbolisms, so are the lake of fire and brimstone, and the torment. Those (numbering into the sand of the sea) that are destroyed by fire from out of heaven are not spoken of as being tormented for ever and ever. Their memory will be forgotten.
And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. (vs. 11)
This is after the thousand year reign.
In the Bible, earth often refers to society of people and heaven to governments. At this stage in the timeline, the old wicked society of people is no more, and the same with human governments and wicked angelic rebels.
Jesus hands over complete rule to his father. God is now the sovereign ruler over all creation. As described here:
Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power. (1 Cor. 15:24)
The universe is restored to perfect order and all of the effects of Satanic rule and Adamic sin are completely reversed. Jesus turns all authority and rule to his father.
And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all. (1 Cor. 15:28)
Returning to Revelation 20:
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. (vs. 12)
All the resurrected ones are judged based on their works after the resurrection. It appears that judgement occurs at the same time or shortly after vs. 9. But judgement can also be reversed if a person becomes unfaithful. It is possible for a name to be removed from the book of life:
- He that overcometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life, but I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. (Rev. 3:5)
It is important to differentiate this judgement (of the dead or resurrected ones), and the judgement spoken of at Matthew 25:31-46 (that of the living at the time of Armageddon).
And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. (vs. 14)
Death and the common grave are permanently destroyed.
Note that hell is cast into the lake of fire.
And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire. (vs. 15)
Whoever rebels against God after the resurrection (now being completely perfect, just like the first human couple), will be destroyed in the lake of fire, which is the second death. From which there is no hope.