Cyanobacteria
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"Cyanobacterium" redirects here. For the genus, see
Cyanobacterium (genus).
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(June 2016)
Cyanobacteria
Temporal range: 3500โ0Ma
Had'n
Archean
Proterozoic
Pha.
Tolypothrix sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Kingdom:
Eubacteria
Phylum:
Cyanobacteria
Stanier, 1973
Orders[3]
As of 2011 the taxonomy was under revision
[1][2]
Synonyms
- Myxophyceae Wallroth, 1833
- Phycochromaceae Rabenhorst, 1865
- Cyanophyceae Sachs, 1874
- Schizophyceae Cohn, 1879
- Cyanophyta Steinecke, 1931
- Oxyphotobacteria Gibbons & Murray, 1978
Cyanobacteria /saษชหรฆnoสbรฆkหtษชษriษ/, also known as
Cyanophyta, is a
phylum of
bacteria that obtain their energy through
photosynthesis.
[4] The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria (
Greek: ฮบฯ
ฮฑฮฝฯฯ (
kyanรณs) = blue). They are often called
blue-green algae, although the name is sometimes considered a misnomer because cyanobacteria are
prokaryotes and the term "
algae" is often reserved for
eukaryotes.
[5]
Like other prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have no internal membrane bound organelles. They perform photosynthesis in distinctive folds in the outer membrane, unlike
green plants which use organelles called
chloroplasts.
Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic
algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis.
By producing
oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early
reducing atmosphere into an
oxidizing one, causing the "rusting of the Earth"
[6] and causing the
Great Oxygenation Event, dramatically changing the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating
biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of
anaerobic organisms (that is, oxygen-intolerant).
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