This thread got me thinking about how a switch in PHP would actually be implemented. In some languages, a compiler implements a switch as a jump table. I though I'd try this out in PHP and was disappointed to find that my switch executed about the same speed as a series of if statements.
So, to answer the OP, this is probably in inefficient way to do what you want. Depending on what it is, you could perhaps implement the same thing using an alternative technique, such as using the condition as a key into an array, with the value of the array representing the operation in some way.