We (F5 Domains) have a procedure in place where the end user/buyer does not want to use Escrow.com, has problems "trusting" us etc. We have never had a charge back or lost a payment dispute.
For PayPal payments above a certain threshold we use a domain name purchase agreement and that includes a field for full name and ID number (Drivers License, Passport) and we require a scan of that ID document.
If they're paying via Visa, MasterCard using our own merchant facilities, we have a CC Auth form, which basically they say "I authorize this transaction in the amount of $xxxx and guarantee that this transaction will not be reversed, disputed, or charged back" or something to that effect, and we require a scan of the back and front of their credit card (with the number except for the last 4 digits blacked out) and drivers license/passport. We do this for transactions in the $1000+ range.
If they're paying by Cheque/Check/Money Order/Cashiers/Bank Cheque/Check we never transfer the domain until the funds are confirmed clear by our financial institution. This is non-negotiable and no exceptions are made.
If they do pay by Escrow, we accept this under all circumstances however the buyer pays all fees. We'll also accept EscrowDNS, Sedo Escrow, or Afternic Escrow. We don't accept any other escrow companies due to the vast amount of fake escrow companies out there.
We have a simple rule on domain forums (like here), and that is payments must be made within 24 hours no questions asked, no exceptions. If they can't get that right, then more issues are possible/more likely we've found. We don't ask for anything extra if their feedback is 10+ and the amount is under $1500. If it was to be more than $1500 we might require a personal reference/vouch from another esteemed member or something - it's never had to happen before though.