A Beginner's Guide to DNS (v0.1)

000000000 · 10-01-2004, 06:33 PM

Since I started a thread on Managed DNS, I figured it would be nice to do a complementary guide to DNS.

So, here is my Starter Guide to DNS (v0.1). It's not all inclussive, so if you think theres something to add... please add it.

Some Definitions

A Domain Name is a human language representation of an IP address.

An IP Address is what every computer on the internet uses to address itself to the other computers on the the Internet (using the network protocol called TCP/IP. IP (v4) Addresses look like 123.123.123.12

When someone types in a domain name like www.domain.com, their browser communicates with a series of root domain name server that act as a dictionary and provides the IP address associated with that domain name. Then the browser can use that IP to communicate to the server that the website is hosted on.

TLD (or Top Level Domain) is the last part of a domain name... the com, net, org, two letter county domains, and the several other TLDs out there.

SLD (or Second Level Domain) is the most human readable part of the domain name. In a domain name like www.domain.com, domain is the SLD. An SLD can have any alphanumeric character in it (a-z, 0-9), dash or minus ( - ), and underscore ( _ ). But it cannot have spaces between characters.

Sub-Domain (also called third level domains) are technically called Canonical Domains (or CNAMEs) for short. Sub-Domains are like having an extra domain name and can be almost anything you like. In a domain name like subdomain.domain.com, subdomain is the sub-domain. It works the same as a regular domain name.

A-Records (or Address Record) is the basic and most important DNS record. A-records point to an IP address. Your short domain name (without the www), NS, and FTP should have A-records. Subdomains sometimes have A-Records too. A-records can point to any IP-address.

CNAME-Records (or Canonical Domains) include subdomains and Aliases, CNAMEs are used to point to a domain name or to a file in a domain. However, CNAMEs should always point to an A-record, not another CNAME. It is a common practice to create a CNAME for www and for subdomains that are actually hosted by your domain. CNAMES can also be used as temporary aliases to point your domain to another domain.

Note: when pointing a CNAME, always put a period after the domain (ie: ftp -> CNAME -> domain.com.)

MX-Records (or Mail Exchange) point to the name of an email server and holds a preference number for that server. MX-records must point to an A-record or in some situations an IP-address.

Example DNS Record:

Code:

Host Name          IP Address/URL          Record Type	

@                  123.123.123.12          A-Record
www                domain.com.             CNAME

ftp                123.123.123.12          A-Record
mail               123.123.123.12          A-Record
ns1                123.123.123.12          A-Record
ns2                123.123.123.13          A-Record
subdomain1         domain.com.             CNAME
subdomain2         domain.com.             CNAME     

MX-Record: mail -> domain.com. -| Preference = 10     


@ is short domain (domain.com)
Put period after domain name

bbalegere · 08-03-2005, 09:04 AM

Now i know all about DNS.This was very helpful.Thankx a lot!!

monaco · 08-03-2005, 10:44 PM

Well, there's much more to DNS than that...but this is probably all you need to know as a webmaster.

Waupiman · 08-05-2005, 12:00 PM

thanks nice 'tut'

PE-Steve · 08-05-2005, 12:08 PM

Nice read.

.PJ · 08-05-2005, 12:54 PM

Good read, I can referre people to this now when they ask me about DNS and domains

PJ

Iravan · 08-05-2005, 01:07 PM

Nice to Know

Very helpful!

Refrozen · 08-05-2005, 10:20 PM

Great basic guide! Thanks.

domainprince · 08-06-2005, 02:04 AM

Great read pal thanks!

10-01-2004, 06:33 PM	THREAD STARTER #1 (permalink)
000000000 NamePros Member Join Date: Sep 2004 Posts: 32	A Beginner's Guide to DNS (v0.1) Since I started a thread on Managed DNS, I figured it would be nice to do a complementary guide to DNS. So, here is my Starter Guide to DNS (v0.1). It's not all inclussive, so if you think theres something to add... please add it. Some Definitions A Domain Name is a human language representation of an IP address. An IP Address is what every computer on the internet uses to address itself to the other computers on the the Internet (using the network protocol called TCP/IP. IP (v4) Addresses look like 123.123.123.12 When someone types in a domain name like www.domain.com, their browser communicates with a series of root domain name server that act as a dictionary and provides the IP address associated with that domain name. Then the browser can use that IP to communicate to the server that the website is hosted on. TLD (or Top Level Domain) is the last part of a domain name... the com, net, org, two letter county domains, and the several other TLDs out there. SLD (or Second Level Domain) is the most human readable part of the domain name. In a domain name like www.domain.com, domain is the SLD. An SLD can have any alphanumeric character in it (a-z, 0-9), dash or minus ( - ), and underscore ( _ ). But it cannot have spaces between characters. Sub-Domain (also called third level domains) are technically called Canonical Domains (or CNAMEs) for short. Sub-Domains are like having an extra domain name and can be almost anything you like. In a domain name like subdomain.domain.com, subdomain is the sub-domain. It works the same as a regular domain name. A-Records (or Address Record) is the basic and most important DNS record. A-records point to an IP address. Your short domain name (without the www), NS, and FTP should have A-records. Subdomains sometimes have A-Records too. A-records can point to any IP-address. CNAME-Records (or Canonical Domains) include subdomains and Aliases, CNAMEs are used to point to a domain name or to a file in a domain. However, CNAMEs should always point to an A-record, not another CNAME. It is a common practice to create a CNAME for www and for subdomains that are actually hosted by your domain. CNAMES can also be used as temporary aliases to point your domain to another domain. Note: when pointing a CNAME, always put a period after the domain (ie: ftp -> CNAME -> domain.com.) MX-Records (or Mail Exchange) point to the name of an email server and holds a preference number for that server. MX-records must point to an A-record or in some situations an IP-address. Example DNS Record: Code: Host Name IP Address/URL Record Type @ 123.123.123.12 A-Record www domain.com. CNAME ftp 123.123.123.12 A-Record mail 123.123.123.12 A-Record ns1 123.123.123.12 A-Record ns2 123.123.123.13 A-Record subdomain1 domain.com. CNAME subdomain2 domain.com. CNAME MX-Record: mail -> domain.com. -\| Preference = 10 @ is short domain (domain.com) Put period after domain name

08-03-2005, 10:44 PM	#3 (permalink)
monaco NamePros Regular Join Date: Jul 2005 Location: Tucson, AZ Posts: 689	Well, there's much more to DNS than that...but this is probably all you need to know as a webmaster. __________________ My Website \| My Blog

08-05-2005, 12:08 PM	#5 (permalink)
PE-Steve NamePros Regular Join Date: Jan 2005 Location: Buffalo, NY Posts: 622 Follow @BuffaloMG	Nice read. __________________ Buffalo Media Group ► Innovative Website Design & Development ► Search Engine Optimization (SEO) & Internet Marketing ► Logo Design / Corporate Identity & Graphic / Print Design

08-05-2005, 12:54 PM	#6 (permalink)
.PJ NamePros Regular Join Date: Aug 2004 Posts: 363	Good read, I can referre people to this now when they ask me about DNS and domains PJ __________________ L33TSig.net

08-05-2005, 01:07 PM	#7 (permalink)
Iravan TSAS Host Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 2,482	Nice to Know Very helpful! __________________ FREE Traffic-ExitTraffic.us ArcadeFree.net - For Sale

08-03-2005, 09:04 AM	#2 (permalink)
bbalegere Senior Member Join Date: Jul 2005 Location: Bangalore Posts: 1,271	Now i know all about DNS.This was very helpful.Thankx a lot!!

08-05-2005, 12:00 PM	#4 (permalink)
Waupiman NamePros Member Join Date: Jul 2005 Location: Netherlands Posts: 77	thanks nice 'tut'

08-05-2005, 10:20 PM	#8 (permalink)
Refrozen Account Closed Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 745	Great basic guide! Thanks.

08-06-2005, 02:04 AM	#9 (permalink)
domainprince NamePros Regular Join Date: Jul 2005 Posts: 851	Great read pal thanks! __________________ Paid Posting Reviews. Submit A Review. Submit A Service. :lala: Www.MySmartScripts.com Smart Scripts ! Smart Prices ! Find everything you want to know in our mobile phone forums.From Nokia to Samsung, we have it all! Premium Web Directory

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